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# 常用命令
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## 查看版本
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```shell
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docker version
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```
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## 从Docker文件构建镜像
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```shell
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docker build -t image-name docker-file-location
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```
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*-t*：它用于指定使用提供的名称来标记Docker映像。
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## 运行镜像/创建容器
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```shell
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docker run -d image-name
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```
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*-d*：用于创建守护程序进程
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## 查看可用的镜像
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```shell
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docker images
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```
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## 查看运行容器
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```shell
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docker ps -l //显示最新的可用容器
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docker ps -a //显示所有可用的容器
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```
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## 运行与停止容器
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```shell
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docker start container_id
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docker stop container_id
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docker restart container_id
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```
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## 进入容器
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```shell
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docker exec -it container-id bash
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```
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## 删除容器
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```shell
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docker rm -f container_id //删除指定容器
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docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) //删除所有容器
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```
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## 删除镜像
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```shell
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docker rmi image-name //删除指定镜像
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docker rmi $(docker images -q) //删除所有镜像
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docker rmi -r $(docker images -q) //强制删除所有镜像
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```
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## 修改容器端口映射
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- 停止容器
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- 查找容器ID
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```shell
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docker inspect nginx-alpine
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```
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容器ID为：004d95fb40fd811128a5fb6c6c6ae8fab51e234779f92e5a91d0d84e0a80cb1c
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- 进入容器目录
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```
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cd cd /home/docker/containers/004d95fb40fd811128a5fb6c6c6ae8fab51e234779f92e5a91d0d84e0a80cb1c
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```
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- 修改容器配置
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```shell
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vim hostconfig.json
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```
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其中`PortBindings`属性即为容器端口映射配置
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- 修改后重启容器
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## 容器与宿主机文件拷贝
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- 容器 → 宿主机
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```shell
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docker cp <容器名/ID>:<容器文件路径> <宿主机文件夹路径>
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```
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- 宿主机 → 容器
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```she
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docker cp <宿主机文件路径> <容器名/ID>:<容器文件夹路径>
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```
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## 将容器打包为镜像
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```shell
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docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
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```
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| Option | 功能 |
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| :----- | :----------------------------- |
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| -a | 指定新镜像作者 |
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| -c | 使用 Dockerfile 指令来创建镜像 |
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| -m | 提交生成镜像的说明信息 |
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| -p | 在 commit 时，将容器暂停 |
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# 其他
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## docker container update
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更新一个或多个容器的配置
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```shell
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docker container update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
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```
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| 名称,简写 | 默认值 | 描述 |
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| -------------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| --blkio-weight | 0 | 阻塞IO(相对权重)，介于`10`和`1000`之间，或`0`禁用(默认为`0`) |
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| --cpu-period | 0 | 限制CPU CFS(完全公平的调度程序)周期 |
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| --restart | | 重新启动在容器退出时应用的策略 |
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| --memory, -m | | 内存限制 |
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| --kernel-memory | | 内核内存限制 |
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| --memory-swap | | 交换限制等于内存加交换：’`-1`‘以启用无限制的交换 |
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| --memory-reservation | | 内存软限制 |
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# docker compose
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## Compose 安装
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Linux 上我们可以从 Github 上下载它的二进制包来使用，最新发行的版本地址：https://github.com/docker/compose/releases。
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运行以下命令以下载 Docker Compose 的当前稳定版本：
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```shell
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curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.2.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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```
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要安装其他版本的 Compose，请替换 v2.2.2。
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Docker Compose 存放在 GitHub，不太稳定。也可以通过执行下面的命令，高速安装 Docker Compose。
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```shell
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curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.4.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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```
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给予执行权限 创建软连接
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```shell
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chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
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```
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## Compose命令
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```
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# 默认使用docker-compose.yml构建镜像
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$ docker-compose build
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$ docker-compose build --no-cache # 不带缓存的构建
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# 指定不同yml文件模板用于构建镜像
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$ docker-compose build -f docker-compose1.yml
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# 列出Compose文件构建的镜像
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$ docker-compose images
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# 启动所有编排容器服务
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$ docker-compose up -d
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# 查看正在运行中的容器
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$ docker-compose ps
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# 查看所有编排容器，包括已停止的容器
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$ docker-compose ps -a
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# 进入指定容器执行命令
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$ docker-compose exec nginx bash
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$ docker-compose exec web python manage.py migrate --noinput
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# 查看web容器的实时日志
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$ docker-compose logs -f web
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# 停止所有up命令启动的容器
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$ docker-compose down
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# 停止所有up命令启动的容器,并移除数据卷
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$ docker-compose down -v
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# 重新启动停止服务的容器
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$ docker-compose restart web
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# 暂停web容器
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$ docker-compose pause web
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# 恢复web容器
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$ docker-compose unpause web
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# 删除web容器，删除前必需停止stop web容器服务
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$ docker-compose rm web
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# 查看各个服务容器内运行的进程
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$ docker-compose top
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```
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