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143 lines
5.4 KiB
143 lines
5.4 KiB
3 years ago
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# 常用shell列表
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3 years ago
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| 命令 | 作用 |
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| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------ |
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| yum install --installroot=/usr/local | 表示指定自定义的安装目录 |
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| free -hm | 查看内存使用情况 |
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| netstat –apn | 查看所有端口占用情况 |
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| lsof -i:80 | 查看占用端口程序 |
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| df -lh | 查看磁盘用量 |
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| > text.txt | 清空文件 |
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| echo $LANG | 查看字符集 |
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| export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 | 临时修改字符集 |
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| vim /etc/locale.conf | 修改centos7.5字符配置文件 |
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| source /etc/locale.conf | 配置生效 |
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| tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz -C /dest | tar文件解压到指定目录 |
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| ln -s /xxx/xxx.jar /etc/init.d/xxx | jar包注册service服务 |
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| cd /etc/rc.d/init.d<br/>chkconfig --add monitor<br/>chkconfig monitor on | 开机启动service |
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| find /home/ -name xxx | 查找/home目录下名字为xxx的文件 |
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| ssh 192.168.0.1 -l root -p 22 | 远程登录到另一台主机 |
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| scp root@192.16.0.1:/path/name /path | 从服务器上下载文件 |
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| scp /path/name root@192.16.0.1:/path | 上传本地文件到服务器 |
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| scp -r root@192.16.0.1:/path /path | 从服务器下载整个目录 |
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| scp -r /path root@192.16.0.1:/path | 上传目录到服务器 |
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| chown user:user file | 修改文件用户组和用户 |
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| systemctl stop firewalld | 关闭防火墙 |
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## 其他shell相关知识
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### 开机自启程序或脚本
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- 在`/etc/profile`文件中添加启动命令
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### 后台执行命令或脚本
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- `nohup command &`
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如果使用nohup命令提交任务，在默认情况下该任务的所有输出都被重定向到一个名为nohup.out的文件中，除非另外指定了输出文件，如：
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`nohup command > myout.file 2>&1`
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输出被重定向到myout.file文件中
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如果不想做任何输出，可以将输出文件指定为/dev/null，`/dev/null`代表linux的空设备文件，所有往这个文件里面写入的内容都会丢失，俗称“黑洞”。
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`nohup command > /dev/null 2>&1`
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### shell操作字符串
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- 判断字符串是否包含另一个字符串
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- 使用~
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`if [[ $A =~ $B ]]`
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- 使用通配符*
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`if [[ $A == *$B* ]]`
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- 截取字符串
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- ${A:B:C}
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`${foo:3:2}` //从下标为3的字符开始截取，共截取2个
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- ${A#B}/${A##B}
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清除字符串中符合pattern的字符，从字符串最前匹配
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```shell
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foo=“file.txt.zip”
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echo ${foo#*.} //一个#号代表按照最短匹配清除
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txt.zip
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echo ${foo##*.} //2个#号代表按照最长匹配清除
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zip
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```
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- ${A%B}/${A%%B}
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清除字符串中符合pattern的字符，从字符串最后匹配
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```shell
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foo=“file.txt.zip”
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echo ${foo%.*} //一个%号代表按照最短匹配清除
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file.txt
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echo ${foo%%.*} //2个%号代表按照最长匹配清除
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file
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```
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- 字符串替换操作
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- ${A/B/C}
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```shell
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foo="mp3.txt.txt.mp3.avi"
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echo ${foo/txt/TXT}
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mp3.TXT.txt.mp3.avi
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echo ${foo//txt/TXT}
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mp3.TXT.TXT.mp3.avi
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foo="txt.txt.txt"
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echo ${foo/#txt/TXT}
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TXT.txt.txt
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echo ${foo/%txt/TXT}
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txt.txt.TXT
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```
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- 大小写转换
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```shell
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foo="ABcd"
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echo ${foo,}
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aBcd
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echo ${foo,,}
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abcd
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echo ${foo^}
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ABcd
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echo ${foo^^}
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ABCD
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```
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### shell算术运算命令
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| (()) | 用于整数之间常用的运算符，效率高 |
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| ------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
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| let | 用于整数运算，类似于（（）） |
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| expr | 用于整数运算，但是还有其他功能 |
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| bc | Linux下的一个计算程序，适合整数及小数运算 |
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| $[] | 用于整数运算 |
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| awk | awk既可以整数运算，也可以小数运算 |
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| declare | 定义变量值和属性，-i参数可以用于定义整形变量，做运算 |
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## ubuntu系统相关知识
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- 非root用户无法使用1024以下端口
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- /etc/profile中配置的环境变量重启失效,需要在/etc/environment中配置
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- 执行shell需要用bash
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